Modern Methods of Construction: Views from the Industry (NF70)
About this book
Modern Methods of Construction: Views from the Industry (NF70), published by NHBC Foundation (National House Building Council) in 2016, presents the findings of a major research programme examining the adoption, performance, and attitudes toward off-site and modern methods of construction (MMC) in the UK housebuilding sector. Based on surveys of housebuilders, housing associations, and local authorities, together with in-depth case studies of MMC projects, the report provides a detailed picture of the barriers and enablers for MMC adoption in the residential construction market. Modern methods of construction are defined in the report across a spectrum from volumetric modular (3D factory-built modules transported complete to site) through structural panelised systems (2D wall, floor, and roof panels) to sub-assemblies and components (pre-fabricated roof trusses, insulated concrete formwork, bathroom pods) and on-site process improvements.
The report notes that the term MMC has been used inconsistently in the industry, creating confusion between factory-built volumetric systems and incremental process improvements that may not deliver the cost or programme benefits commonly attributed to off-site manufacture. The research reveals that MMC adoption in UK residential construction remained relatively limited in 2016, with volumetric modular systems representing under 3% of annual new housing completions despite the well-publicised potential benefits. The primary barriers identified by industry respondents are: (1) higher upfront capital cost compared to traditional masonry construction; (2) limited skilled workforce and manufacturing capacity; (3) mortgage lender and insurer reticence to certify non-traditional construction; (4) consumer preference for traditional brick construction; and (5) planning system inflexibility regarding non-traditional aesthetics.
Performance evidence from completed MMC projects is evaluated through case studies, showing that well-managed MMC projects typically achieve 30-50% programme reductions compared to equivalent traditional construction, with lower on-site accident rates and better quality control due to factory environments. Thermal performance of MMC systems (particularly timber frame and structural insulated panels) typically exceeds Building Regulations minimum requirements, contributing to lower operational energy costs. The report anticipates the significant growth in MMC adoption driven by the housing delivery challenge (the UK government's target of 300,000 new homes per year), skills shortages in traditional construction, and increasing investor interest in standardised, certifiable construction methods.